In 1956, South Vietnam, with American backing, refused to hold unification elections. As a result of the conference, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam received their independence, and Vietnam was temporarily divided between an anti-Communist South and a Communist North. The French defeat at the Dien Bien Phu was followed by a peace conference in Geneva. Even today, many Americans still ask whether the American effort in Vietnam was a sin, a blunder, a necessary war, or whether it was a noble cause, or an idealistic, if failed, effort to protect the South Vietnamese from totalitarian government.Ä«etween 19, the Vietnamese waged an anti-colonial war against France, which received $2.6 billion in financial support from the United States. It resulted in nearly 60,000 American deaths and in an estimated 2 million Vietnamese deaths. Vietnam was the longest war in American history and the most unpopular American war of the 20th century.
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